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Involved, interrupted or ignored? Triadic communication in children's non-urgent X-ray procedures.

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Pediatric X-ray communication impacts child experience. Child-centered, flexible communication enhances confidence, while adult-led talk can marginalize children during imaging procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Healthcare Communication
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • X-rays are common pediatric procedures, yet children often experience anxiety and exclusion.
  • Triadic communication dynamics between children, parents, and radiographers during these procedures are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the triadic communication that occurs between children, parents, and radiographers during non-urgent pediatric X-ray procedures.
  • To understand how communication styles influence children's experiences and feelings of involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative constructivist Grounded Theory approach.
  • Non-participant observations of 45 pediatric X-ray procedures (children aged 4-11).
  • Semi-structured interviews with children (n=17) and parents (n=9), followed by constant comparison analysis.

Main Results:

  • Three communication categories identified: Involved (child's voice valued), Interrupted (adults dominated), and Ignored (child's voice overlooked).
  • Children express preferences for communication methods and participation levels.
  • Authentic, tailored, child-led communication fosters confidence; scripted, adult-led communication leads to marginalization.

Conclusions:

  • Triadic communication complexity significantly influences children's radiology procedure experiences.
  • Individualized, child-centered communication practices are essential in radiography.
  • Radiographers should prioritize flexible, child-preference-based communication over scripted, adult-dominated interactions.