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Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
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Electron spin resonance spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope.

Antonín Jaroš1, Johann Toyfl1, Andrea Pupić1

  • 1Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, USTEM, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, Vienna, 1020, Austria.

Ultramicroscopy
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers integrated electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy into transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This novel approach enables nanoscale quantum spin studies and in situ analysis of materials without significant radiation damage.

Keywords:
Electron spin resonanceNuclear magnetic resonanceSpin resonance spectroscopyTransmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Science and Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Coherent spin resonance methods like NMR and ESR offer sensitive, non-invasive quantum imaging.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides high-resolution imaging but can cause radiation damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy into a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • To enable in situ studies of spin systems and their dynamics at the nanoscale.

Main Methods:

  • A miniaturized ESR setup was implemented on a standard TEM sample holder.
  • The strong magnetic field of the TEM polepiece was utilized to align and separate spin states.
  • The setup was optimized for microscopic sample sizes.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of ESR spectroscopy within a TEM.
  • Demonstration of a platform for nanoscale quantum spin studies.
  • Enabling access to properties difficult to study with conventional TEM.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of ESR in TEM facilitates in situ studies of spin systems, quantum materials, and electrochemical reactions.
  • This advancement opens new avenues for microwave-driven quantum spin studies with nanoscale precision.
  • It offers a powerful tool for investigating radiation damage and material dynamics.