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Humin oxidation drives microbial dehalogenation in oligotrophic environments.

Zimeng Zhang1, Xing Liu2, Zhiling Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Urban-rural Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.

The ISME Journal
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pseudomonas sp. CP-1 bacteria utilize humin, a soil component, as an energy source for organohalide respiration. This finding reveals a novel microbial energy metabolism pathway in energy-scarce environments.

Keywords:
humin oxidationmultiheme cytochromeoligotrophic survivalorganohalide biotransformation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Subsurface Science

Background:

  • Microbial survival in oligotrophic environments is limited by energy acquisition.
  • Heterotrophic organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) perform reductive dehalogenation but their energy metabolism is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the energy metabolism of Pseudomonas sp. CP-1, an organohalide-respiring bacterium.
  • To identify the mechanism by which this bacterium acquires energy for organohalide respiration in oligotrophic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and metabolic profiling were used to analyze humin oxidation.
  • Mutational and chemical inhibition studies identified key proteins in the electron transport pathway.
  • Phylogenetic analyses were performed on homologous genes.

Main Results:

  • Pseudomonas sp. CP-1 directly oxidizes humin from oligotrophic aquifers to fuel organohalide respiration.
  • Electrons from humin's phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups are utilized.
  • A multiheme cytochrome, EeuP, mediates extracellular electron uptake, linking humin oxidation to dehalogenation.

Conclusions:

  • Humin serves as a direct electron donor for organohalide respiration in Pseudomonas sp. CP-1.
  • The EeuP pathway is crucial for coupling humin oxidation with reductive dehalogenation.
  • The widespread distribution of EeuP homologs suggests broad ecological significance for this metabolic strategy in subsurface environments.