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Published on: May 19, 2023
Re-investigation of the relevant factors affecting quantitative precipitation of wine polysaccharides: A GC-MS and
Riccardo Savastano1, Nathalie Vivas de Gaulejac2, Magali Picard2
1Université de Bordeaux, CNRS - UMR 5255, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, Palermo 90128, Italy; HTS enologia, Contrada Amabilina, 218 A, Marsala 91025, Italy.
Abstract:
Wine polysaccharides are abundant and complex macromolecules that influence wine's colloidal stability and quality. Although several precipitation methods have been proposed for their quantification, optimal conditions for quantitative recovery have not yet been systematically evaluated using central composite design and response surface methodology. In this study, six constitutional monosaccharides were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess the effects of sample concentration, precipitation time, precipitation agent composition and their interactions on wine polysaccharide recovery, while high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography with refractive index detection complemented this assessment by providing polymer distribution data. All quadratic models were highly significant (p < 0.0001) and showed good predictive performance. Precipitation time had no significant effect, whereas moderate sample concentration coupled with mildly acidified ethanol enhanced the recovery and analysis of rhamnogalacturonans and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose. Mannoproteins precipitated efficiently even in highly acidified non-concentrated samples, whereas galacturonic acid exhibited an opposite trend, indicating that homogalacturonans may require specific and less common conditions for full recovery. This work allowed a partial optimisation, highlighting the potential need for multi-step protocols to recover the full spectrum of wine polysaccharides.
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