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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Nondisjunction01:29

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
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Congenital Abnormalities.

Alyssa Shelby1

  • 1Kokopelli Veterinary Center, 1420 Fulton Avenue, Sacramenton, CA 95825, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital abnormalities in neonates vary widely. Understanding normal development, risks, and management options is crucial for breeders and owners to effectively handle these cases.

Keywords:
AnasarcaCleft palateCongenitalHydrocephalusHypospadiasNeonate

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Neonatal Development
  • Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

  • Congenital abnormalities present a spectrum of severity in neonates, from life-threatening to minor correctable defects.
  • Effective management requires a thorough understanding of normal neonatal development and potential risks.
  • Guidance for breeders and owners is essential for addressing these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the range and impact of congenital abnormalities in neonates.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding normal neonatal development in identifying abnormalities.
  • To provide a framework for managing and treating neonatal congenital defects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal development and congenital abnormalities.
  • Analysis of case studies illustrating the spectrum of defects.
  • Synthesis of information on risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal congenital abnormalities exhibit a broad range of clinical presentations and prognoses.
  • Early recognition and understanding of developmental norms are critical for timely intervention.
  • A structured approach to management and treatment can improve outcomes for affected neonates.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive knowledge of neonatal development and congenital defects is vital for veterinary professionals and owners.
  • Tailored management strategies are necessary based on the specific abnormality and its severity.
  • Further research into preventative measures and advanced treatments for congenital abnormalities is warranted.