AAV vectors: an emerging strategy for chronic pain management

Chronic pain affects millions of people worldwide and represents a crucial public health issue. A growing body of preclinical evidence suggests that adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a powerful gene therapy tool for chronic pain management. We systematically summarize how AAV vectors, by targeting molecular pain pathways in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, may offer precise and sustained pain relief. We provide an overview of the latest findings and emerging concepts in this area, and discuss preclinical innovations in neuropathic, inflammatory and cancer-related pain. We also present clinical data on pain modulation by AAV in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Finally, we provide a thorough analysis of key concerns about AAV therapy, including potential immune responses, toxicity, and adverse effects.