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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Perineural Invasion Affects the Risk and Pattern of Recurrence in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Beatrice Chia-Hui Shih1, Woohyun Jung1, Jeong Hoon Lee2

  • 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 13620, Republic of Korea.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Perineural invasion (PNI) significantly increases recurrence risk in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in early stages. PNI is also linked to more frequent extrathoracic recurrences in NSCLC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Perineural invasion (PNI) is a recognized prognostic factor in various cancers.
  • Its specific impact on recurrence patterns in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between perineural invasion (PNI) and the risk and patterns of recurrence in patients with surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 5545 patients with resected stage I-III NSCLC (2009-2021).
  • PNI defined as tumor cells within nerve sheath or involving ≥33% of nerve circumference.
  • Comparison of recurrence-free survival and recurrence patterns between PNI-positive and PNI-negative groups.
Keywords:
non-small cell lung cancerperineural invasionrecurrence

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Main Results:

  • PNI was present in 5.3% of patients, with increasing prevalence across stages I-III.
  • PNI-positive patients had poorer prognostic factors and a significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence (42.4% vs 16.5%).
  • PNI increased recurrence risk in stages I-II NSCLC and was associated with more frequent extrathoracic recurrences.

Conclusions:

  • Perineural invasion is a significant predictor of increased recurrence risk in NSCLC, particularly in early stages.
  • The presence of PNI in NSCLC correlates with a higher likelihood of extrathoracic recurrence.