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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Proximity-Driven Magnetic Coupling between an Open-Shell Nanographene and a Rare-Earth Surface Alloy.

Nicolò Bassi1, Jan Wilhelm2,3, Nils Krane1

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|September 20, 2025
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Summary

We discovered that the rare-earth alloy TbAu2 significantly alters the magnetic properties of spin-1/2 nanographenes. This magnetic surface induces a large splitting in the Kondo resonance, demonstrating its potential for spintronic applications.

Keywords:
X-ray magnetic circular dichroismopen-shell moleculesphenalenylproximity interactionrare-earth surfacescanning tunneling microscopyspin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Open-shell nanographenes possess tunable spin ground states, crucial for spintronics.
  • Characterization often uses weakly interacting substrates like noble metals.
  • The impact of magnetic surfaces on nanographene magnetism is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the influence of the rare-earth alloy TbAu2 on the magnetic properties of phenalenyl ([2]triangulene, 2T).
  • Explore the interaction between spin-1/2 nanographenes and magnetic surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements.
  • Comparison of 2T on Au(111) versus 2T on TbAu2.
  • Combined experimental and many-body model analysis.

Main Results:

  • 2T on Au(111) shows a Kondo resonance.
  • TbAu2 induces a significant ~20 mV splitting of the Kondo resonance in 2T.
  • This splitting is attributed to proximity-induced interaction with TbAu2's ferromagnetic magnetization.
  • The interaction is spatially modulated, following the TbAu2 surface superstructure periodicity.

Conclusions:

  • TbAu2 is a viable platform for stabilizing and characterizing magnetic properties of spin-1/2 nanographenes.
  • TbAu2 enables the study of interactions between π-magnetic materials and magnetic substrates.
  • Proximity effects on magnetic surfaces offer new avenues for spintronic device development.