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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse
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Mortality Patterns and Phenotypic Clusters in Trisomy 13: A Population-Based Study From Japan.

Narumi Kato1, Naho Morisaki2, Akinori Moriichi1

  • 1Department of Specific Pediatric Chronic Disease Information, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) has high infant mortality, often due to cardiovascular disease. This study identified distinct subgroups of death causes, aiding personalized care for affected infants.

Keywords:
k‐means clusteringcardiovascular diseasemortalitypopulation‐based studysurgical interventionsurvival outcomestrisomy 13

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) is a severe chromosomal disorder with high infant mortality.
  • Limited large-scale studies exist on mortality patterns and causes of death in Trisomy 13.
  • Understanding mortality is crucial for improving care and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mortality patterns in Trisomy 13.
  • To identify distinct phenotypic subgroups based on causes of death.
  • To inform individualized care planning for Trisomy 13.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based study using Japanese mortality data (2019-2021).
  • Analysis of 150 Trisomy 13 deaths.
  • K-means clustering to identify subgroups based on cause-of-death categories.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with early mortality.
  • Three subgroups identified: respiratory-dominant (19%), cardiovascular-dominant (64%), and multi-organ involvement (17%).
  • The cardiovascular-dominant group had the highest rate of death before age 1 (83%).

Conclusions:

  • Significant phenotypic heterogeneity exists in Trisomy 13 mortality.
  • Cardiovascular issues are a primary driver of early mortality.
  • Findings support individualized care planning and decision-making for Trisomy 13.