Single-cell Omics Assessment of Mitochondrial Function: Current Status and Future Perspectives

In recent years, significant advancements in single-cell omics technologies have offered new insights into the study of mitochondria. These technologies are particularly suitable for investigating mitochondria due to their capacity to address both intracellular and intercellular heterogeneity. In this review, we categorize the mitochondrial dysfunction and variability identified in both pathological and physiological contexts through single-cell omics assessments. We examine the cutting-edge single-cell omics technologies and trace the evolution of studies on mitochondria, highlighting the transition from low-throughput to high-throughput capabilities and from single data types to the integration of multiple genomic and phenomic profiles. Furthermore, we emphasize the applications of single-cell mitochondrial assessment methods in exploring disease mechanisms, screening, and prevention, as well as their potential impacts on lineage tracing, drug discovery, and genetic counseling. Insights gained from single-cell technologies may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, offering promising avenues for addressing diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, we identify the limitations of current methodologies and propose areas of focus for future research.