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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Exploring the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Gout: A Narrative Review.

María Cristina Martínez-Ávila1,2, Paul Alejandro Mendez-Patarroyo3, Alieth Lucía Acosta Cardozo1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota, Bogotá, Colombia.

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Alcohol consumption significantly impacts gout development and flares. Genetic factors and alcohol type influence individual risk, necessitating personalized gout management strategies.

Keywords:
alcohol consumptionalcohol drinksgenetic predispositiongoutgout flareinflammatory pathwaysoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Gout is a chronic inflammatory disease strongly associated with lifestyle, particularly diet and alcohol intake.
  • Alcohol exacerbates gout through hyperuricemia, oxidative stress, and altered purine metabolism.
  • The type and quantity of alcohol consumed influence gout risk, with beer and spirits posing higher risks than moderate wine intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex relationship between alcohol consumption and gout.
  • To explore the genetic and epigenetic factors modulating alcohol's impact on gout.
  • To emphasize personalized management strategies for gout patients.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review synthesizing existing literature.
  • Evidence was gathered from genetics, lifestyle studies, and public health research.
  • The review focuses on mechanisms linking alcohol to gout and genetic predispositions.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol consumption is a significant risk factor for gout development and flares.
  • Specific alcohol types (beer, spirits) increase risk due to purine and ethanol content.
  • Genetic variants in urate transporters (SLC2A9, ABCG2) and alcohol metabolism (ADH1B, ALDH2) affect susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Gout management requires consideration of alcohol consumption patterns and individual genetic profiles.
  • Moderation in alcohol intake is crucial for gout patients.
  • Pharmacogenomics and tailored interventions are key to improving gout outcomes.