Access to Basic Needs and Healthcare by People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness.

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Urban Health
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Homelessness is a major public health issue, particularly unsheltered homelessness.
• Access to basic resources is crucial for the health and well-being of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness (PEUH).
• Los Angeles County has invested in housing solutions, but basic needs access remains a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the experiences of PEUH in meeting essential needs: food, drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and healthcare.
• To identify disparities in access to basic resources among PEUH in Los Angeles County.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional, in-person health assessment survey using a modified HOUSED BEDS instrument was conducted.
• The study included 665 participants aged 18 years and older who were experiencing unsheltered homelessness and initiating care with street medicine.
• Data were collected between 2022 and 2023.

Main Results:

• Limited access to basic amenities was reported: 23% had toilet access, 44% had shower access, and only 7% had primary care.
• Participants reported an average of 8.3 meals per week.
• Geographical location significantly influenced demographic characteristics and access to basic resources.

Conclusions:

• Significant gaps in essential resources for PEUH persist in Los Angeles County, despite substantial housing investments.
• Unmet basic needs threaten the well-being of PEUH and have critical public health implications.
• Geographical variations necessitate tailored, heterogeneous services and policies to effectively support PEUH.