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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

11.2K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Incremental Stretch Increases Strength and Toughness while Growing Engineered Trileaflet Heart Valves.

Benjamin J Albert1, John T Toftegaard1, Gaetano Scuderi1

  • 1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States of America.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) can be rapidly grown and strengthened using an incrementally increasing stretch (iStretch) method. This technique promotes cell alignment, differentiation, and enhances mechanical properties for functional valve development.

Keywords:
differentiationincremental stretchmechanobiologyremodeling

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Current tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) face challenges with long culture times and graft dilation.
  • Existing methods often struggle to correlate tissue strengthening with size increase, limiting TEHV efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of incrementally increasing stretch (iStretch) on fibrin-based, stem cell-seeded engineered heart valve tissues.
  • To determine how stretch timing and magnitude influence tissue growth, mechanical properties, and cellular differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an adaptable, mechanical anchorage-based culture system for applying iStretch.
  • Assessment of linear, planar, and leaflet-shaped tissues under varying stretch protocols.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties (modulus, failure stress, toughness) and cellular responses (alignment, differentiation, vimentin expression).
  • Functional testing of engineered trileaflet valves in a pulse duplicator system.

Main Results:

  • iStretch significantly increased tissue modulus, failure stress, and toughness, achieving a 100% increase in tissue length.
  • Early iStretch increments promoted cell alignment and differentiation into a mesenchymal phenotype.
  • Stretched planar leaflet tissues showed increased cell density and vimentin expression.
  • Engineered trileaflet valves demonstrated complete opening and effective coaptation at high pressures (up to 80 mmHg).

Conclusions:

  • iStretch is a potent method for simultaneously achieving rapid growth and mechanical strengthening of engineered heart valve tissues.
  • The iStretch system offers tunable control over tissue development, addressing limitations of current TEHV approaches.
  • These findings highlight the potential of iStretch for creating functional TEHVs suitable for clinical applications.