Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hydrogen-Bond-Directed Assembly of Polyanionic Cluster [Mo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> for Nonlinear Optical Crystal Design.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

A Fluoroether Co-Solvent Engineering Interfacial and Solvation Dynamics for Durable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Polymorphic phase engineering of flat plasmons in a correlated oxide.

Nanoscale·2026

Same author

High-repetition nanosecond vacuum ultraviolet laser at 177.3 nm generated in a period-disorder SiO<sub>2</sub> crystal.

Optics letters·2026

Same author

High-performance photodetection using one-step CVD-fabricated SnS/SnS<sub>2</sub> heterostructure film.

Optics express·2026

Same author

High-Order Nonlinear Photonic Crystal with Ordered Structures for Giant Enhancement of Frequency Tripling.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Modulating Nonlinear Optical Performances in α/β-SnGa₂GeS₆ Polymorphs via Atomic Coordination Engineering.

Jingjing Xu¹, Yan Xiao², Dazhi Lu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.

Inorganic Chemistry

|September 20, 2025

Summary

Researchers discovered a new phase of a nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, β-SnGa₂GeS₆, by adjusting tin coordination. This structural change impacts NLO properties, offering insights for designing advanced NLO materials.

More Related Videos

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures

Published on: December 1, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Chemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Polymorphic systems are crucial for developing high-performance nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals.
Structural diversity in polymorphs leads to varied NLO properties.
Tuning the coordination environment of cations is a key strategy for property modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To discover a new phase of SnGa₂GeS₆ by modifying the coordination environment of Sn²⁺.
To investigate the distinct NLO properties of the newly discovered β-polymorph compared to the α-phase.
To elucidate the relationship between structural transformation and NLO performance in polymorphic systems.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and characterization of a new crystal phase (β-SnGa₂GeS₆).
Detailed crystallographic analysis to determine structural differences between polymorphs.
Experimental measurement of NLO response and birefringence.
Theoretical calculations (e.g., dipole moment analysis) to understand structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

Discovery of β-SnGa₂GeS₆, crystallizing in the Cc space group, distinct from the α-phase (Fdd2).
Quantified differences in NLO response (α: 17.8 pm/V vs β: 13.7 pm/V) and birefringence (α: 0.151 vs β: 0.126).
Theoretical calculations confirmed reduced NLO response in β-phase due to canceled polarization of [SnS₃] units.

Conclusions:

Atomic coordination engineering in polymorphic systems drives structural transitions and tunable NLO properties.
The established structure-property relationship provides a design paradigm for next-generation NLO materials.
Understanding phase transitions is critical for developing advanced NLO crystals.