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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Quantitative and three-dimensional observations by electron holography.

Toshiaki Tanigaki1

  • 1Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan.

Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron holography now offers precise, atomic-scale 3D imaging of electromagnetic fields. Advances in aberration correction enable detailed analysis of electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields in materials.

Keywords:
Aberration correctionElectron holographyElectrostatic potentialMagnetic fieldQuantitativeThree-dimensional

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electron holography offers quantitative electron wave information on electromagnetic fields.
  • Observations span from micron to atomic scales.
  • Previous limitations included spatial resolution and quantitative precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in quantitative and three-dimensional (3D) electron holography.
  • To highlight improvements in spatial resolution and precision.
  • To showcase applications in materials analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Hardware and software-type aberration corrections were implemented.
  • Quantitative observations were extended to 3D.
  • Tomographic electron holography was employed for 3D magnetic field mapping.

Main Results:

  • Atomic-resolution electrostatic potential observations allow electron counting on catalyst nanoparticles.
  • Magnetic field observations at the level of individual lattice planes are now possible.
  • 3D magnetic field distributions in skyrmions have been unveiled.

Conclusions:

  • Electron holography has significantly advanced quantitative and 3D imaging capabilities.
  • Aberration correction is key to achieving atomic-scale precision.
  • The technique provides unprecedented insights into electromagnetic phenomena in materials.