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Monochromatic green light-mediated melatonin promotes cecal barrier function in broilers.

Tao Quan1, Ran Li1, Yaoxing Chen1

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.

Molecular Immunology
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monochromatic green light boosts broiler gut health by increasing melatonin. This enhances the intestinal barrier and reduces inflammation, offering insights for poultry farming practices.

Keywords:
CecumIntestinal barrierMacrophageMelatoninPineal

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Physiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Light is a critical environmental factor influencing broiler chicken health and performance.
  • Melatonin, a key photoelectric signaling molecule, regulates broiler physiological functions, including gut health.
  • The specific impact of monochromatic light on melatonin secretion and intestinal regulation in broilers remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if monochromatic light can mediate melatonin secretion to regulate intestinal function in broilers.
  • To elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms of monochromatic light on broiler intestinal health.
  • To explore the potential of artificial lighting strategies for improving chicken gut health.

Main Methods:

  • Broiler chickens were exposed to monochromatic green light.
  • Pineal gland removal was performed to assess melatonin's role.
  • Intestinal mucosal barrier function, goblet cells, MUC2, tight junctions, and enterocyte proliferation were analyzed.
  • Melatonin's interaction with macrophage Mel1a receptors and downstream signaling pathways (TLR4/ERK/JNK/NF-κB) were examined.
  • Macrophage polarization and inflammatory/antioxidant markers were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Monochromatic green light significantly enhanced the cecal mucosal barrier function.
  • This enhancement included increased goblet cells, MUC2 secretion, tight junction protein expression, and enterocyte viability.
  • The positive effects of green light were abolished by pineal gland removal and reduced melatonin levels.
  • Green light promotes melatonin secretion, which inhibits the TLR4/ERK/JNK/NF-κB pathway via Mel1a receptors on macrophages.
  • This process leads to M2 macrophage polarization, reduced inflammation, and increased antioxidant levels, strengthening the cecal barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Monochromatic green light positively regulates broiler intestinal mucosal barrier function through melatonin secretion.
  • Melatonin mediates these effects by modulating macrophage activity and inflammatory pathways in the cecum.
  • Findings support the use of melatonin and optimized artificial lighting to improve gut health in the poultry industry.