New genetic tools to study Culex mosquito-virus interactions

Among the major genera of mosquito vectors, Culex species mosquitoes transmit viruses and parasites worldwide. Genetic tools provide the ability to understand virus-mosquito interactions and develop new biocontrol strategies. While significant progress has been made in developing genetic tools for Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes over the past 25 years, similar progress in Culex species has been limited. Recent advances include a new chromosome-level Culex quinquefasciatus genome assembly, new in vitro gene-editing tools, successful in vivo transgenics, and proof-of-principle gene drive systems. This review provides a perspective on the past and current challenges associated with Culex transgenesis and genetic tool development, as well as a summary of recent advances.