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Related Concept Videos

Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics01:20

Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics

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Chronopharmacokinetics studies the temporal change in drug absorption and elimination. These changes can be cyclical or non-cyclical. Cyclical changes occur over a regular interval, while non-cyclical changes occur over a longer, irregular period.
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The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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  11. Factors Affecting Fluopyram Degradation Coupled With Time-dependent Adsorption In Soils And The Effect Of These Processes On Its Accumulation And Leaching In The Soil Profile.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Environmental Sciences
  7. Soil Sciences
  9. Soil Physics
  11. Factors Affecting Fluopyram Degradation Coupled With Time-dependent Adsorption In Soils And The Effect Of These Processes On Its Accumulation And Leaching In The Soil Profile.

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Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation
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Factors affecting fluopyram degradation coupled with time-dependent adsorption in soils and the effect of these processes on its accumulation and leaching in the soil profile.

Tadeusz Paszko1, Mirosława Chwil2, Kamil Skic3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 20, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.
Keywords:
Adsorption kineticsAdsorption mechanismsFOCUS PELMO simulationsFluopyram

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Fluopyram fungicide contaminates soil and water. Its adsorption and degradation in soil are slow, with half-lives up to 4268 days, posing risks to groundwater and crops.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Agrochemicals

Background:

  • Fluopyram is a widely used fungicide with known environmental contamination issues.
  • Understanding fluopyram's soil adsorption and degradation is crucial for assessing its environmental fate.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adsorption and degradation kinetics of fluopyram in various European soil types.
  • To determine the environmental persistence and mobility of fluopyram.
  • To predict fluopyram's fate in soil and potential risks to water resources and crops.

Main Methods:

  • Determined soil adsorption coefficients (Koc) for different soil profiles.
  • Studied microbial degradation combined with time-dependent adsorption.
Microbial degradation
Mineral soil profiles
  • Utilized a two-site nonequilibrium adsorption model coupled with first-order degradation kinetics.
  • Estimated fluopyram half-lives at 20°C and corrected for soil water content.
  • Performed simulations using FOCUS PELMO (Hamburg scenario).

    • Main Results:

    • Fluopyram exhibited moderate to strong adsorption in soils (Koc: 89.8-2328.0 mL g⁻¹).
    • Adsorption was time-dependent, completing within 5-8 weeks.
    • Estimated half-lives ranged from 207-887 days (topsoils) and 1007-4268 days (subsoils).
    • Neglecting slow adsorption significantly underestimated half-lives.
    • Soil properties predict adsorption and degradation rates.
    • Simulations indicated potential groundwater contamination and higher-than-expected topsoil concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Fluopyram's environmental persistence is significant due to slow adsorption and degradation.
    • Accurate modeling requires considering nonequilibrium adsorption processes.
    • High topsoil concentrations and adsorption by fulvic acids increase risks of surface water contamination and crop uptake.
    • Annual application poses a considerable risk to groundwater quality.