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A genetic common factor underlying self-reported math ability and highest math class taken.

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Researchers identified 53 genetic markers linked to quantitative ability, separate from general intelligence. These genetic factors influence brain development and are associated with STEM careers and fewer behavioral disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Quantitative Trait Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Genetic influences on general intelligence are well-established.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of specific cognitive abilities (group factors) remains less explored.
  • Quantitative ability is a key cognitive group factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic variants associated with quantitative ability, independent of general intelligence.
  • To investigate the biological pathways and gene functions implicated by these variants.
  • To explore genetic correlations between quantitative ability and other traits, including mental health and career choices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural equation modeling on large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.
  • Analyzed self-reported math ability (N=564,698) and highest math class taken (N=430,445).
  • Identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a latent quantitative ability trait.

Main Results:

  • Discovered 53 SNPs associated with a latent quantitative ability factor, orthogonal to general intelligence.
  • Genes near these SNPs are implicated in neuron projection development, brain development, and synaptic function.
  • Found negative genetic correlations with internalizing/externalizing disorders and positive correlations with STEM occupations (e.g., computer programming).

Conclusions:

  • Provides evidence for genetic influences on specific cognitive abilities beyond general intelligence.
  • Highlights the role of brain development and synaptic function in quantitative ability.
  • Confirms genetic links between quantitative ability, mental health, and career trajectories in STEM fields.