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Decoding continuous goal-directed movement from human brain-wide intracranial recordings.

Maarten C Ottenhoff¹, Maxime Verwoert¹, Sophocles Goulis¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

|September 21, 2025

Summary

Scientists decoded complex hand movements using brain activity from 18 participants. This brain-wide decoding of motor dynamics could advance brain-computer interfaces for those with motor cortex impairments.

Keywords:

BCI CP: Neuroscience PSID brain-computer interface goal-directed hand movement kinematics motor decoding reference frame sEEG

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

Hand reaching is crucial for daily activities.
Neural basis of movement extends beyond the motor cortex, but its representation details remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To decode continuous movement kinematics from brain activity during a 3D reaching task.
To investigate the brain-wide neural correlates of reaching behavior and movement representation granularity.

Main Methods:

Utilized stereotactic-electroencephalography (SEEG) in 18 participants performing a 3D reaching task.
Developed a decoder using preferential subspace identification to analyze low-, mid-, and high-frequency brain activity.
Examined movement representation in a goal-centric reference frame.

Main Results:

Successfully decoded 12 continuous movement kinematics across all participants.
Identified neural correlates of movement throughout the brain, including deeper structures.
Demonstrated that low-frequency activity in a goal-centric frame decodes hand position, suggesting higher-order processing.

Conclusions:

Brain-wide motor-related dynamics are decodable, offering insights into movement representation.
Findings support the potential for advanced brain-computer interfaces by decoding motor intent from widespread neural activity.
Movement decoding is possible even from deeper brain structures, not just the motor cortex.