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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
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Racial Differences in Pain Medication Prescribed for Injury during Emergency Department Visits.

Jessica Day1, Joseph Gabriel2, Austin Spitz3

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences & Social Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|September 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial disparities in emergency department pain management persist despite shifts in prescribing practices during the opioid epidemic. While pain medication strategies evolved, differences in narcotic prescriptions between racial groups remained unchanged.

Keywords:
emergency departmentinjuryopioidspain treatmentracial disparities

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pain Management
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Racial minority individuals frequently experience inadequate pain management.
  • The opioid epidemic has significantly altered pain management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in racial and ethnic disparities in pain management for acute traumatic injuries in emergency departments.
  • To determine if these disparities have shifted during the opioid epidemic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).
  • Analyzed emergency department visits from the early 2000s to the late 2010s.
  • Compared pain prescription types (narcotics, NSAIDs, etc.) across racial and ethnic groups.

Main Results:

  • Narcotic prescriptions decreased over time, with a shift towards NSAIDs and other analgesics.
  • Non-Hispanic White patients were more likely to receive narcotic prescriptions than other racial/ethnic groups across all periods.
  • No significant changes in prescribing trends were observed based on race or ethnicity between the analyzed time periods.

Conclusions:

  • Pain prescription methods in emergency departments have evolved.
  • Despite changes in pain management strategies, racial and ethnic disparities in prescribing have not improved.