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Updated: May 6, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
Published on: January 8, 2016
Dual stimuli-responsive carbon dioxide based polymer nanoparticles for smart pesticide delivery controlled by
Liyan Zhao1, Hongchun Li1, Shuyue Wang1
1College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
Abstract:
Stimuli-responsive pesticide delivery systems play a crucial role in enhancing pesticide utilization efficiency while minimizing environmental pollution. In this study, a novel poly(propylene oxide-co‑carbon dioxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether)-S-S-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPAG-SS-PNIPAM) was developed for controlled pesticide delivery. The PPAG-SS-PNIPAM could self-assemble into uniform nanoparticles with an average size of 156.2 nm in aqueous solution. Using avermectin (AVE) as a model herbicide, we demonstrated the system's potential as a controlled-release pesticide platform (AVE@PPAG-SS-PNIPAM), which exhibited an average diameter of 171.2 nm and zeta potential of -17.5 mV. The drug loading content of the drug-loaded micelles is 33.86 %, and the encapsulation efficiency is 76.63 %. The release profile showed sustained AVE release under neutral conditions, while rapid release was triggered by glutathione and elevated temperature in simulated insect environments. This dual-responsive behavior enables targeted pest control, significantly improving pesticide utilization efficiency. Therefore, the temperature/glutathione dual responsive nanopesticide system enables targeted pest control while establishing an efficient nano-delivery platform for sustainable agricultural applications.
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