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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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Wood-Based Oriented Object Deposition for Programmable Mechanical and 3D Fluidic Control.

Yeonsoo Kim1, Donghyeok Kang1, Sungchul Shin1,2

  • 1Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed Wood-based Oriented Object Deposition (WOOD), a 3D printing method using wood and digital light processing. This technique preserves wood

Keywords:
DLP 3D printingdensificationmicrofluidic devicesporous and aligned structurewood-based additive manufacturing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Natural wood possesses inherent aligned fibrous architecture and porosity, ideal for anisotropic and capillary-active structures.
  • Current additive manufacturing methods struggle to retain wood's structural features, limiting applications in complex functional designs.
  • There is a need for advanced fabrication techniques to harness wood's properties in engineered materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Wood-based Oriented Object Deposition (WOOD), a novel 3D printing approach for fabricating wood-based structures.
  • To demonstrate the preservation of wood's anisotropy and porosity using the WOOD technique.
  • To explore the potential of WOOD in creating mechanically and fluidically functional architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed WOOD by integrating delignified wood sheets with digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing.
  • Impregnated sliced wood layers with photocurable monomer, aligned them, and selectively photopolymerized for directional control.
  • Established processing criteria for wood-monomer hybridization, focusing on light transmission, curing depth, and structural integrity; densification was used to improve resolution.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated 3D structures with preserved wood anisotropy and porosity using the WOOD process.
  • Achieved programmable deformation in origami-inspired architectures by controlling fiber orientation across layers, yielding integrated flexibility and rigidity.
  • Demonstrated 3D fluidic control in vertically laminated structures, enabling pressure-actuated flow switching and spatially resolved pH sensing.

Conclusions:

  • WOOD is a scalable and sustainable 3D printing platform that combines natural wood's structural benefits with additive manufacturing precision.
  • The technique unlocks new possibilities for bioinspired materials, microfluidic devices, and multifunctional composites by preserving wood's inherent properties.
  • WOOD enables the creation of complex functional architectures with tailored mechanical and fluidic behaviors.