The molecular, clinical, technical, and regulatory landscape of seafood allergies and future perspectives

Seafood allergies can cause life-threatening anaphylaxis, and effective diagnostics and management are needed to prevent harm. This review provides an in-depth analysis of seafood allergy, emphasizing important allergens, diagnostic approaches, detection technologies, and allergen mitigation strategies. Beginning with an overview of the clinical features, pathogenesis, current diagnosis of seafood allergy, we go on to explore specific seafood allergens and their cross-reactivity. Our technical discussion of allergen diagnostics and highlights recent advances in detection with DNA/MS-based and immunological assays. Recognizing the need to mitigate risk, we discuss current and developmental therapies and physical processing techniques, allergen labeling, and regulatory measures. Emphasis is placed on the accurate diagnosis, novel detection methods, and harmonized global labeling regulations for effective management. The integration of physical and/or chemical processing techniques offers promising avenues for allergen elimination. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, industry, and policymakers for advancing the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of seafood allergies.