Changing the Paradigm of Field Hospitals: A Model for Integrating Telemedicine into Disaster Medical Deployments

Introduction: Field hospitals (FHs) are vital in responding to natural disasters, pandemics, and conflicts. Yet, challenges such as delayed deployment, limited resources, and a narrow focus on trauma care often hinder their impact. This study examines how integrating telemedicine can enhance FH operations and adapt health care delivery to evolving disaster contexts. Methods: Drawing on a structured literature review and expert input, two conceptual models are proposed to map health care needs over time and the role of telemedicine. Results: In sudden-onset disasters, telemedicine aids early trauma care, addresses rising non-trauma needs during recovery, and supports continuity of care post-deployment. In slow-onset crises, such as prolonged conflicts or epidemics, telemedicine plays an even more central role in maintaining routine and elective services as systems weaken. Conclusions: The findings underscore telemedicine's ability to extend clinical reach, reduce reliance on physical infrastructure, and offer scalable support in emergencies. It bridges critical care gaps beyond the operational timeline of FHs. Although challenges in trust and implementation persist, strategic use of telemedicine can greatly improve the flexibility and effectiveness of disaster medical response. This study advocates a paradigm shift in FH planning, positioning telemedicine as a core component of both disaster medicine response and long-term recovery.