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The physical assessment examines the patient for objective data that defines the patient's condition, and aids in formulating the nursing care plan. The purpose of physical assessment is a health status appraisal, which includes identifying health problems, and establishing a database for nursing intervention.
The principles to begin the physical assessment include conducting a comprehensive or problem-related history in a quiet, well-lit room, emphasizing privacy and comfort for the...
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Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials
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Concussion Reporting Expectation Screening in the Preparticipation Physical Examination.

Alexandra Abbott1, Alexandra M Klomhaus2, Aurelia Nattiv3,4

  • 1Division of Sports Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

Sports Health
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A brief concussion reporting expectation (CR-E) tool effectively screens collegiate athletes for concussion symptom nondisclosure. The screening tool identified many athletes needing further concussion education, highlighting areas for improved athlete safety.

Keywords:
clinical assessment/grading scalesgeneral sports traumahead injuries/concussioninjury prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes playing with concussions and not disclosing symptoms.
  • Athlete nondisclosure of concussion symptoms is a significant issue in collegiate sports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the concussion reporting expectation (CR-E) scale as a screening tool for collegiate athletes.
  • To determine if the CR-E scale can identify athletes at high risk for nondisclosure of concussion symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 358 NCAA Division I athletes during preparticipation physical examinations (PPEs).
  • Athletes completed the CR-E questionnaire and concussion history questions.
  • Completion time for the CR-E was recorded, and providers noted the need for concussion counseling.

Main Results:

  • The CR-E tool took an average of 2 minutes to complete during PPEs.
  • Two-thirds of athletes completing the CR-E questionnaire could benefit from concussion education.
  • Certain sports (water polo, volleyball, women's soccer, gymnastics, football) showed higher rates of counseling and nonreporting histories.

Conclusions:

  • The CR-E questionnaire is a feasible and useful screening tool for collegiate athletes.
  • A brief screening tool can guide concussion counseling, indicating a need for improved overall concussion education for athletes.