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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
Published on: January 27, 2010
Robert Chow1, Zachary Lans1, Steven P Cohen2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Smokers experience significantly higher acute postoperative pain and require more opioids. Anticipating this increased pain in smokers can improve their recovery and overall surgical outcomes.
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