Zinc oxide nanoparticles for skin wound healing: A systematic review from the perspective of disease types

The skin, the body's largest organ, acts as the primary defense against external environmental threats and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. It encounters various challenges in healing diverse wound types, including mechanical injuries, diabetic ulcers, and burns. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly recognized for their unique properties and potential in promoting skin wound healing. However, the effects and specific mechanisms of ZnO NPs in pathological microenvironments remain poorly understood. This systematic review aims to elucidate the roles of ZnO NPs in the wound healing processes associated with mechanical injuries, diabetic ulcers, and burns. Relevant literature was identified using defined search terms related to skin wounds treated by ZnO NPs. The findings across studies show that ZnO-loaded dressings exhibit superior efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration. At appropriate concentrations, ZnO NPs demonstrate superior performance compared to non-ZnO materials in promoting wound healing. Additionally, ZnO NP-containing materials possess characteristics such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanisms underlying the promotion of wound healing by ZnO in mechanical traumas, diabetic ulcers, and burns are summarized, highlighting its promising potential for tissue regeneration applications.