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Updated: Jan 17, 2026
Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
Published on: January 29, 2014
Managing transient immune complex reactions in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: clinical
Austin G Kulasekararaj1, Jun-Ichi Nishimura2, Alexander Röth3
1Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UKNational Institute for Health Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility and King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
Background:
Crovalimab is a novel C5 inhibitor that enables rapid and sustained C5 inhibition with every 4-week subcutaneous maintenance dosing, with the possibility for self-administration. When switching from another C5 inhibitor (binds to a different epitope than crovalimab) to crovalimab and vice versa, transient immune complexes will form and may cause transient immune complex reactions (TICRs).
Objectives:
To assess TICR occurrence, manifestation, and management in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) who switched from another C5 inhibitor to crovalimab.
Design:
COMMODORE 1 and 2 randomized C5 inhibitor-experienced and -naïve patients, respectively, to receive crovalimab or eculizumab. The COMMODORE 1 nonrandomized, descriptive cohort included patients who previously received ravulizumab or approved or higher-than-approved doses of eculizumab.
Methods:
Pooled data of patients who switched from eculizumab or ravulizumab to crovalimab were evaluated for TICR incidence and severity. TICR treatments and TICR durations were assessed by severity.
Results:
This descriptive analysis included 201 patients who switched from eculizumab (n = 174) or ravulizumab (n = 27) to crovalimab. Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between patients with and without a TICR. Thirty-nine of 201 patients (19%) experienced TICRs (11% Grades 1-2; 8% Grade 3; no Grades 4-5). Median time to onset and median TICR duration were 1.6 (range, 0.7-4.4) and 1.7 weeks (range, 0.4-34.1), respectively. The most common symptoms were arthralgia (45%), rash (34%), and pyrexia (21%), with no evidence of renal manifestations. Oral corticosteroids were the most common TICR treatment. Grade 3 TICRs were treated with higher oral corticosteroid dose but did not take longer to resolve than Grades 1-2 TICRs.
Conclusion:
Pooled COMMODORE 1 and 2 data show that TICRs from switching between C5 inhibitors were generally mild to moderate and resolved with appropriate treatment. These results further confirm that crovalimab is well tolerated in patients with PNH.
Trial Registration:
NCT04432584; NCT04434092.
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