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Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...

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A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

Published on: December 10, 2021

Mechanically reinforced core-shell scaffold with integrated structure and function for accelerated tendon repair.

Xiaoxi Long¹, Yanzhao Dong², Ting Guo^1,3

¹College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.

Regenerative Biomaterials

|September 22, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel core-shell scaffold for tendon tissue engineering, enhancing tendon repair by mimicking natural extracellular matrix structure. The innovative design promotes cell guidance and superior matrix regeneration, offering a promising solution for effective tendon repair.

Keywords:

core-shell structure scaffold tendon tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) biophysical structure mimicry is key for effective tendon repair scaffolds.
Balancing scaffold structural integrity with material and biological properties presents a significant challenge.
Existing scaffolds often fall short in providing adequate support and promoting neotissue ingrowth.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel core-shell scaffold with tailored properties for enhanced tendon tissue engineering.
To create a scaffold that mimics the native tendon ECM for improved cell guidance and mechanical support.
To evaluate the scaffold's efficacy in promoting tendon matrix regeneration in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a core-shell scaffold using direct ink writing (core) and uniaxial cold stretching of a laser-drilled sheet (shell).
The core features a helically interconnected fiber structure for cell guidance with controllable anisotropy and pore sizes.
The shell provides mechanical reinforcement with microsurface ridges and through-hole arrays, enabling sequential degradation.

Main Results:

The core-shell integration demonstrated sequential degradation and mechanical properties aligned with tendon tissue requirements.
Scaffolds provided extended structural support and facilitated neotissue ingrowth.
In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed non-cytotoxicity and superior tendon matrix regeneration, including increased collagen deposition and structural alignment.

Conclusions:

The developed core-shell scaffold offers a promising approach for advancing tendon repair applications.
Tailored scaffold properties and structural mimicry of the native tendon ECM are crucial for successful tissue regeneration.
This innovative scaffold design has the potential to significantly improve outcomes in tendon tissue engineering.