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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons
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Significant Variation in Quadriceps Tendon Thickness Is Observed Among Cadaveric Specimens.

Michael Stickels1, Arjun Vohra1, Jackson Woodrow1

  • 1University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Quadriceps tendon thickness significantly decreases from distal to proximal. This anatomical variation is crucial for optimizing graft preparation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often utilizes grafts harvested from the quadriceps tendon (QT).
  • Understanding the morphology of the QT is essential for successful graft procurement and preparation.
  • Variations in QT thickness can impact graft diameter and surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate variations in quadriceps tendon (QT) thickness in cadaveric specimens.
  • To provide data that can improve QT harvesting techniques and graft preparation for ACL reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric legs were dissected to expose the QT.
  • Tendon thickness was measured using calipers at two points: the superior pole of the patella (distal) and 65 mm proximal to the insertion.
  • Univariate analysis was performed to determine mean thickness, standard deviation, and confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Mean QT thickness was 8.7 mm at the distal patellar insertion site and 6.5 mm at 65 mm proximal to the insertion.
  • A significant mean difference of 2.2 mm was observed between the two measurement sites (P < .001).
  • The proximal QT was, on average, 25.3% thinner than the distal tendon, with considerable variation among specimens.

Conclusions:

  • Quadriceps tendons exhibit a significant and consistent decrease in thickness from distal to proximal.
  • The non-uniform thickness and high degree of variation among individual tendons are critical considerations.
  • Anatomical variations in QT thickness necessitate careful consideration during graft preparation for ACL reconstruction to ensure appropriate tunnel positioning and graft sizing.