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The evolution of reversible plasticity in stable environments.

Nicole Walasek1, Karthik Panchanathan2, Willem E Frankenhuis1,3

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Reversible plasticity allows organisms to adjust traits. This study models incremental trait building and deconstruction, showing reversibility can evolve even in stable environments if initial conditions are uncertain.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Reversible plasticity, the ability to reverse phenotypic changes, is common in nature.
  • Few mathematical models explain the evolutionary pressures favoring trait reversibility.
  • Existing models often simplify trait development as instantaneous, not incremental.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the evolution of reversible plasticity with incremental trait construction.
  • To investigate how organisms incrementally adjust phenotypes based on environmental cues.
  • To examine two modes of phenotypic deconstruction: incremental and complete.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an optimality model for reversible plasticity.
  • Simulated organisms sampling environmental cues across generations.
  • Modeled incremental phenotype tailoring and deconstruction options.

Main Results:

  • Early-life construction phases precede mid-ontogeny deconstruction phases.
  • Mid-ontogeny environmental cues significantly impact deconstruction, despite late-stage deconstruction.
  • Reversibility evolves in stable environments when initial environmental uncertainty exists.

Conclusions:

  • Trait reversibility does not necessitate environmental change within a generation.
  • Initial uncertainty about environmental conditions is a key driver for reversibility evolution.
  • The model offers new insights into reversibility in species from ontogenetically stable environments.