Changes in Sprinting and Jumping Performance During Preseason in Professional Basketball Players

Objectives: Sprinting and jumping abilities are key determinants of basketball performance. This study aims to analyze changes in sprinting and jumping performance among professional basketball players during the preseason and to determine whether these adaptations are influenced by specific playing positions (Guards vs. Bigs). Methods: A total of 106 professional basketball players from European leagues were evaluated twice over a 6-week preseason. Neuromuscular assessments included linear sprints (5, 10, and 20 m), a change of direction test, curved sprints, and multiple jump tests: Squat Jump (SJ), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Single-Leg CMJ (SL-CMJ) and Arm-Swing CMJ (CMJA), Single Leg Hop for Distance (SHDJ), Lateral Bound Jump (LBJ), and Single-Leg Repeated Jumps (SLRJ). The training program integrated 6-8 weekly basketball-specific technical-tactical sessions with two to three strength and conditioning sessions targeting maximal strength, power, and hypertrophy. Results: Players significantly improved linear and curved sprint performance, and jumping ability, particularly CMJ, CMJA, and right-leg SHDJ. Minimal changes were observed in SJ, LBJ, and SLRJ. Positional differences were small, with Guards showing greater gains in CMJA than Bigs (6.85% vs. 1.87%). Conclusions: A 6-week preseason training program may be associated with improvements in sprinting (linear 5, 10, 20 m, and curved sprint) and vertical jump performance (CMJ, CMJA, SHDJ) in professional basketball players, with limited influence of playing position. Guards appear to benefit more from arm-swing vertical jump development.