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Dilepton Production from Moaton Quasiparticles.

Zohar Nussinov1,2, Michael C Ogilvie1, Laurin Pannullo3

  • 1Washington University, Physics Department, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 22, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study suggests a QCD phase diagram features a moat regime with quasiparticle moatons (pions). This regime, influenced by higher-dimension operators at nonzero chemical potential, enhances dilepton production, serving as a signature for moatons.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions
  • High-energy physics and particle phenomenology

Background:

  • The QCD phase diagram likely contains a moat regime across significant temperature and chemical potential ranges.
  • This regime is defined by quasiparticle moatons (pions) with minimum energy at non-zero spatial momentum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of higher mass dimension operators in the QCD moat regime at nonzero chemical potential.
  • Identify experimental signatures for the existence of moatons.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gauge-invariant couplings at dimension six between scalars and photons.
  • Focus on operators contributing to back-to-back dilepton production.

Main Results:

  • At dimension six, nine gauge-invariant couplings exist; one operator significantly enhances dilepton production near the moat threshold.
  • This enhancement is proposed as a direct experimental signature of moatons.

Conclusions:

  • Higher-dimension operators are crucial in the moat regime at nonzero chemical potential.
  • Enhanced dilepton production near the moat threshold provides experimental evidence for moatons.