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Related Concept Videos

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A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

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Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
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Frost Action on Concrete01:27

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Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
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Boiling Point Elevation
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine
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Sea Ice Aging by Diffusion-Driven Desalination.

Yihong Du1, Feng Wang1, Enrico Calzavarini2

  • 1Tsinghua University, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MoE, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Beijing 100084, China.

Physical Review Letters
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sea ice aging, crucial for climate studies, involves porosity reduction via diffusion-driven desalination. This process leads to a dense freshwater ice layer, improving understanding of phase changes in saline water.

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Small Volume 1-3L Filtration of Coastal Seawater Samples
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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Sea ice is vital to Earth's climate system.
  • Sea ice age influences its thermal and mechanical properties.
  • Understanding sea ice aging is critical for climate research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of mushy ice growth and aging in saline water.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms controlling sea ice aging.
  • To develop a laboratory framework for studying sea ice aging.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental techniques with modeling.
  • Studied mushy ice growth in a natural convective flow system.
  • Analyzed porosity reduction and desalination processes.

Main Results:

  • Observed diffusion-driven desalination controlling long-term porosity reduction in aging mushy ice.
  • Identified a transition to a dense freshwater ice layer adjacent to saline water.
  • Validated numerical simulations for predicting the asymptotic ice layer shape.

Conclusions:

  • Sea ice aging is governed by diffusion-driven desalination.
  • The study provides a framework for laboratory sea ice aging research.
  • Findings have implications for climate science and industrial applications.