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Updated: Jan 17, 2026
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Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
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Color-coded nomenclature of colorless hydrogen: which one is better?
Venkatakrishnan Balasubramanian1,2, Sai Kishore Butti1,3, Nettem V Choudary3
1Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001 Victoria, Australia. suresh.bhargava@rmit.edu.au.
Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 22, 2025
Summary
This review compares hydrogen production methods like grey, blue, and green hydrogen based on cost and environmental impact. Green hydrogen is clean but expensive; grey and blue hydrogen are cheaper but raise environmental concerns.
Area of Science:
- Energy Science
- Chemical Engineering
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Hydrogen is a key energy carrier for the global energy transition.
- Existing hydrogen production methods vary significantly in technoeconomic and environmental footprints.
- A clear overview of these diverse production pathways is needed for informed decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an accessible overview of various hydrogen production technologies.
- To compare these technologies using key indicators like Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
- To synthesize current policy drivers influencing hydrogen adoption.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of technoeconomic and environmental data.
- Classification of hydrogen production methods using a color-coded typology (grey, blue, green, etc.).
- Analysis of key performance indicators (LCOH, Levelized Cost of Energy, LCA) for comparative assessment.
Main Results:
- Grey and blue hydrogen are currently the most cost-effective but have environmental drawbacks.
- Green hydrogen offers the lowest emissions but faces high costs and infrastructure challenges.
- Emerging technologies like pink, turquoise, and white hydrogen present new possibilities and challenges.
Conclusions:
- Hydrogen production technologies must be evaluated holistically considering cost, environmental impact, and scalability.
- Policy, international cooperation, and innovation are crucial for advancing hydrogen's role in decarbonization.
- This review serves as an introductory resource for stakeholders in the hydrogen sector.
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