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Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

Published on: October 9, 2016

Targeting bacterial biofilms using polymer-stabilized nanoemulsions.

Muhammad Aamir Hassan¹, Maged Abdelaziz¹, Sadaf Noor^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

|September 22, 2025

Summary

Nanoemulsion systems can deliver essential oils into bacterial biofilms, overcoming poor penetration and enhancing antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant infections. This approach offers new hope for treating challenging biofilm-related conditions.

Keywords:

Antimicrobial resistance biofilm penetration essential-oil bioavailability polymeric nanoemulsion refractory infections

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Microbiology
Drug Delivery

Background:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health crisis, worsened by bacterial biofilms.
Biofilms shield bacteria, reducing antibiotic efficacy and immune system responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the potential of nanoemulsion (NE) systems for delivering essential oils (EOs) into biofilms.
To explore NEs as a strategy to overcome limitations in treating biofilm-related AMR infections.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on nanoemulsion systems and essential oil delivery.
Analysis of nanoemulsion interactions with negatively charged biofilm matrices.
Evaluation of nanoemulsion potential in combating antimicrobial resistance.

Main Results:

Nanoemulsions effectively deliver hydrophobic payloads like EOs into biofilms.
EOs show potent antimicrobial properties, but penetration is a challenge.
NEs enhance EO penetration into the negatively charged extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix of biofilms.

Conclusions:

Nanoemulsion systems offer a promising strategy for delivering essential oils to combat biofilm-related AMR.
NEs can improve the bioavailability and efficacy of EOs against refractory infections.
Further development of NE-based therapeutics holds significant potential for treating resistant bacterial infections.