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Terahertz broadband beam-steering Dirac semimetal-coding metasurface based on a genetic algorithm.

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Area of Science:

Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
Terahertz Technology
Applied Physics

Background:

Metasurfaces offer advanced control over electromagnetic waves.
Terahertz (THz) frequencies present unique opportunities for high-bandwidth applications.
Tunable materials are crucial for dynamic control of metasurface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reflective terahertz broadband coding metasurface.
To achieve flexible and independent control of multi-beam steering.
To explore the application of Dirac semimetals in tunable metasurfaces.

Main Methods:

Design of a three-layer coding metasurface unit utilizing Dirac semimetals.
Implementation of 2-bit coding for electrical tunability.
Reverse-design of metasurface array arrangements using a genetic algorithm.

Main Results:

Demonstration of single- and multi-beam steering at arbitrary angles (30° elevation, 360° azimuth).
Independent control of elevation and azimuth angles for each beam in multi-beam configurations.
Expansion of single-beam steering range to 39° using Fourier convolution addition.

Conclusions:

The proposed terahertz metasurface enables highly flexible beam steering.
Dirac semimetals provide effective tunability for broadband terahertz applications.
The technology shows promise for terahertz communications and antenna systems.