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    We developed a tunable terahertz directional coupler using vanadium dioxide

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    Area of Science:

    • Terahertz (THz) technology
    • Metamaterials
    • Phase-transition materials

    Background:

    • Terahertz directional couplers are crucial for THz systems.
    • Controlling coupling dynamically remains a challenge.
    • Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits unique phase transition properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a dynamically tunable THz directional coupler.
    • To leverage VO2 phase transitions for adjustable coupling.
    • To explore applications in THz power allocation and imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized VO2 phase transition properties for tunable coupling.
    • Designed metallic-dielectric hybrid structures mimicking VO2 states.
    • Investigated mode coupling dynamics using branch-line waveguide theory.
    • Validated through simulations and experimental S-parameter measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved continuous coupling ratio adjustment from -3 to -5 dB in the 90-110 GHz range.
    • Simulated coupling degrees of -2.1 dB and -3.8 dB for specific configurations.
    • Experimental results showed good agreement with theoretical predictions.
    • Demonstrated dynamic tunability based on VO2's metallic and insulating phases.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully demonstrated a switchable THz directional coupler.
    • The device enables dynamic terahertz power allocation.
    • Potential applications include THz imaging and electromagnetic stealth.