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Alcohol Consumption Per Capita and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis.

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Higher alcohol consumption per capita (APC) is linked to increased suicide rates on a population level. This association, observed across sexes, suggests APC is a potential target for suicide prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Alcohol use is a known individual risk factor for suicide.
  • The population-level relationship between alcohol consumption and suicide rates remains unclear.
  • Alcohol consumption per capita (APC) is a key metric for global alcohol harm reduction initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between APC and suicide mortality.
  • To determine if this association differs by sex.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 quantitative studies.
  • Searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.
  • Utilized random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression to assess the APC-suicide link and potential sex differences.

Main Results:

  • A 1-liter increase in APC was associated with a 3.59% rise in suicide mortality rate at the population level.
  • The analysis included 13 studies.
  • No significant sex difference was found in the association between APC and suicide mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Increased APC is associated with higher suicide mortality rates globally.
  • The observed association between APC and suicide is consistent across sexes.
  • APC represents a potential target for comprehensive suicide prevention strategies.