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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Enhanced Play Education for Parents Can Positively Impact Development in Infancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Julie M Orlando1, Mariola Moeyaert, Zainab S Alghamdi

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy and Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA (Drs Orlando, Alghamdi, Lobo); Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York (Dr Moeyaert); College of Applied Health Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia (Dr Alghamdi).

Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Enhanced Play Education (EPE) improved cognitive and motor skills in infants. This parent-guided intervention shows promise for advancing early childhood development, especially for those at risk of delays.

Keywords:
developmental delayearly interventioninfant developmentmotor developmentparent educationplay

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Early Childhood Education

Background:

  • Parental engagement in play is crucial for infant development.
  • Existing play education methods vary in effectiveness.
  • Enhanced Play Education (EPE) focuses on child-initiated movement and responsive communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and impact of Enhanced Play Education (EPE) compared to Usual Play Education (UPE).
  • To evaluate EPE's effects on infants with typical development and those at risk for developmental delays.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with 49 infants (3.5 months average age) and 44 parents.
  • Intervention groups received 15 minutes of daily play instructions for 4 weeks.
  • Developmental assessments conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at 1 and 2 months follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Both EPE and UPE were feasible for parents and infants.
  • Infants with typical development showed enhanced cognitive and gross motor improvements with EPE.
  • Infants at risk of developmental delays demonstrated greater gross motor gains following EPE.

Conclusions:

  • Parental education in quality play activities is an effective strategy.
  • EPE may significantly advance early motor and cognitive outcomes in young infants.
  • The findings support EPE as a beneficial intervention for diverse infant populations.