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Related Concept Videos

DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL
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Computational Pipeline for Targeted Integration and Variable Payload Expression in Bacteriophage Engineering.

Jonas Fernbach1,2, Emese Hegedis1, Martin J Loessner1

  • 1Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092 Switzerland.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology advances phage therapy by enabling precise genome modifications. This study identifies new genomic insertion sites for therapeutic payloads, improving phage viability and advancing personalized treatments.

Keywords:
expression predictiongenetic engineeringmachine learningphage engineeringphage therapypromoter prediction

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages are promising antimicrobial alternatives.
  • Synthetic biology allows phage genome modification for enhanced therapeutic potential.
  • Inserting toxic payloads into phage genomes can hinder progeny viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel intergenic loci for genetic payload insertion in bacteriophages.
  • To develop a computational method for predicting favorable expression profiles at these loci.
  • To engineer bacteriophages with enhanced therapeutic capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the machine learning tool PhagePromoter to predict intergenic loci with favorable expression profiles.
  • Developed a computationally assisted engineering pipeline for targeted genomic payload integration.
  • Employed homologous recombination to insert bioluminescent reporter genes into *Staphylococcus* phage K at predicted sites.

Main Results:

  • Successfully engineered three recombinant phages with reporter genes at distinct genomic locations.
  • Observed expression levels consistent with computational predictions.
  • Demonstrated temporal expression patterns aligning with early, middle, and late gene clusters.

Conclusions:

  • Combining computational tools with genome analysis streamlines phage engineering.
  • The developed method enables rational design and high-throughput modification of phages.
  • This approach advances the development of personalized phage therapy.