Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
Published on: January 18, 2021
BEYOND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD): STATE OF THE ART ON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN WHICH EYE MOVEMENT
1Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was originally developed as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but its applications have expanded significantly in recent years. This narrative review explores the current state of evidence for EMDR's clinical efficacy across a spectrum of psychological disorders beyond PTSD. We examine findings from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses - including the comprehensive systematic review by Scelles and Bulnes (2021) - that assess EMDR's impact on anxiety disorders, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), somatic symptom disorders, pain, addiction, and personality disorders. While the mechanism of action remains debated, empirical evidence suggests EMDR can yield outcomes comparable to or superior to established psychotherapies in certain contexts. A critical discussion is offered regarding the methodological limitations in existing studies and the importance of integrating EMDR within broader evidence-based treatment frameworks.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Behavior Therapy
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Psychosurgery
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

