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Borealpox: A Rare but Emerging Orthopoxvirus
Michael D Gooch1, Jessica Stadler
1Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Gooch); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Dr Gooch); and US Acute Care Solutions at Ascension St. John, Tulsa, Oklahoma (Mrs Stadler).
Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal
|September 22, 2025
Summary
Borealpox (formerly Alaskapox) is a novel zoonotic virus emerging in Alaska. While typically mild, it can cause severe illness in immunocompromised individuals, necessitating clinical awareness.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Borealpox (formerly Alaskapox) is a novel zoonotic orthopoxvirus identified in Alaska.
- Limited human cases suggest transmission from wild mammals, potentially via domestic animals like cats.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the diagnostic and clinical challenges of orthopoxvirus infections.
- To inform emergency clinicians about borealpox manifestations, diagnostics, and treatments.
- To emphasize the need for early recognition and management in vulnerable populations.
Main Methods:
- Case study analysis of borealpox infections.
- Review of clinical manifestations and diagnostic approaches.
- Discussion of current and emerging treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Borealpox infections are typically mild but can be severe or fatal in immunocompromised patients.
- Diagnostic and clinical management present challenges, especially in high-risk groups.
- Supportive care is standard; antivirals and immunoglobulin are for severe cases.
Conclusions:
- Emergency clinicians must be prepared for increasing borealpox cases.
- Early recognition, reporting, and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for patient outcomes.
- Vigilance is essential for managing this emerging zoonotic threat in the boreal ecosystem.
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