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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Association Between Poor Olfaction and Lower Pulmonary Function in Older Adults.

Guoyong Ding1, Jingjing Xia2, Jayant M Pinto3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (G. D.), Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Chest
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Poor olfaction, or smell impairment, is linked to reduced lung function in older adults. This suggests a connection between smell and respiratory health that warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
FEV(1)FEV(1) to FVC ratioFVCjoint modelolder adultsolfactionpulmonary function

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Pulmonology
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Olfactory function may correlate with lung health due to shared airway connections.
  • Empirical evidence linking olfaction and pulmonary function in older adults is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between olfactory dysfunction and pulmonary function in older adults.
  • To determine if poor olfaction is linked to reduced lung capacity and spirometry test performance.

Main Methods:

  • 1,951 participants from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study were analyzed.
  • Olfaction was assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) and categorized as good, moderate, or poor.
  • Multivariable joint models examined associations between olfaction and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio over 5-10 years.

Main Results:

  • Poor olfaction was significantly associated with lower FEV1 and FVC at multiple time points.
  • Participants with poor olfaction showed reduced lung function compared to those with good olfaction.
  • Poor olfaction was also linked to a higher likelihood of failed or missing spirometry test results.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired olfaction is a significant indicator of reduced pulmonary function in older adults.
  • These findings highlight a potential link between olfactory and respiratory health.
  • Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms connecting olfaction and lung health.