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Updated: Jan 17, 2026
Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer
Published on: January 30, 2020
Innovative 3D-printed rotating disk with stretchable chains modified with metal-organic frameworks for monitoring
Paula Molina-Brotons1, Roser Payà-Pou1, Ernesto Francisco Simó-Alfonso1
1CLECEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Background:
The integration of 3D printing into Analytical Chemistry has enabled the creation of tailored tools for sample preparation. While 3D printing provides excellent characteristics for innovative designs, its use has largely been confined to basic containers or support structures. Among various techniques, laser-based stereolithography offers high-resolution capabilities ideal for intricate designs for sample preparation approaches. This work explores its broader potential by developing a novel extraction device consisting of a rotating disk with stretchable chains coated with a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) for the analysis of herbicides in rice.
Results:
The design of the 3D-printed RDSE platform was optimized to ensure its functionality. The MOF was immobilized on the device surface using the green state methodology, which exploits the intrinsic tackiness of stereolithography 3D-printed. The incorporation of the MOF to the chains was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and X-ray powder diffraction. The 3D-printed system showed enhancement of the loading capacity, up to 17.5 times higher than those obtained by dispersed solid-phase extraction. Under optimal conditions, enrichment factors were in the range 33-53. Using liquid chromatography with UV-Vis detection, the limits of detection were 2.3 and 1.1 μg kg-1 for diquat and paraquat, respectively. The system demonstrated excellent recovery ranging from 95 to 101 % in rice samples for diquat and paraquat.
Significance:
The optimized configuration and methodology offer enhanced analyte enrichment without the need for eluate treatment, outperforming conventional stir bar sorptive extraction and RDSE formats. The device's effectiveness was demonstrated in the extraction and analysis of viologen herbicides from rice, confirming the potential of this RDSE platform containing chain modified with MOF for efficient analysis of herbicides in complex food matrices.
