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Fusobacterium nucleatum: ecology, pathogenesis and clinical implications.

Shan-Shan Jiang^1,2,3,4,5, Ying-Xuan Chen^6,7,8,9,10, Jing-Yuan Fang^{11,12,13,14,15}

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology

|September 22, 2025

Summary

Fusobacterium nucleatum, a pathobiont, links oral and gut microbiota to diseases like colorectal cancer. Understanding its role is crucial for developing new diagnostics and treatments.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Oncology
Translational Medicine

Background:

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral bacterium that can become pathogenic.
It is implicated in local and systemic diseases, including periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in disease.
To highlight its pathogenic mechanisms in cancer development.
To underscore its significance in microbiology, oncology, and translational medicine.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes current research on Fusobacterium nucleatum's role in disease.
It examines the mechanisms by which F. nucleatum promotes oncogenesis.
It discusses potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

Fusobacterium nucleatum contributes to oncogenesis through virulence factors, chronic inflammation, immune evasion, and direct tumor cell interactions.
The bacterium's presence is associated with cancer progression and poorer clinical outcomes.
A strong link exists between F. nucleatum and colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a significant pathobiont with critical implications for cancer.
Further understanding of its role is essential for advancing disease treatment and clinical applications.