Gold Nanoparticles in Atherosclerosis: A Dual Approach to Diagnosis and Therapy

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic condition defined by the accumulation of plaque fundamentally resulting from the deposition of low-density lipoprotein and fibrous compounds within injured arteries. Current treatments for atherosclerosis are effective, but the complex and not fully understood underlying mechanisms limit their effectiveness. Moreover, early detection of AS continues to be a real challenge. Innovative therapeutic approaches, such as the application of nanomedicines and theragnostic, are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers globally. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit significant potential as theragnostic agents in the context of atherosclerosis, providing both diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. This review will discuss current strategies utilizing AuNPs and explore potential future advancements involving theragnostic AuNPs that may aid in addressing AS.