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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
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Scaphoid bone morphometry and nutrient foramina: anatomical study and clinical implications.

Bahar Selenay Bulut1, Niymet Pelin Çavdar Yılmaz2, Mehmet Yılmaz2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. slnybhr.68@gmail.com.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|September 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the morphology and nutrient foramina of the scaphoid bone in a Turkish population. Findings offer insights for surgical treatments of scaphoid bone fractures and pseudarthrosis.

Keywords:
AnatomyMorphometryNutrient foraminaScaphoid boneScaphoid bone fractures

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Scaphoid bone fractures are common and complex injuries.
  • Understanding scaphoid bone morphology and vascular supply is crucial for successful treatment.
  • Previous studies have not fully characterized these features in the Turkish population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphological characteristics of the scaphoid bone.
  • To map the distribution and location of nutrient foramina in the scaphoid bone.
  • To provide data beneficial for diagnosing and surgically managing scaphoid bone fractures in Turkish individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 102 dry scaphoid bones (51 right, 51 left) from a Turkish population.
  • Morphometric measurements including length, width, articular surface area, and tubercle dimensions.
  • Identification and quantification of nutrient foramina, including their number, location (proximal/distal), and distance to the midline.

Main Results:

  • Scaphoid bone dimensions: length 25.57±2.17 mm, width 10.07±1.25 mm, midline circumference 34.85±3.92 mm.
  • An average of 6±2 nutrient foramina per bone were identified, totaling 341 (215 dorsal, 126 palmar).
  • The scaphoid tubercle length averaged 12.03±1.78 mm; a second posterior groove was observed in 41 bones.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides detailed morphological and morphometric data of the scaphoid bone in the Turkish population.
  • Nutrient foramina distribution and location were precisely documented.
  • These findings are vital for orthopedic surgeons performing scaphoid bone fracture or pseudarthrosis surgery.