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Interference fading suppression method for φ-OTDR based on time-distance dual-domain phase differential.

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    A novel time-distance dual-domain phase differential (TDPD) method enhances phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) systems. TDPD effectively mitigates interference fading, improving signal-to-noise ratio for accurate vibration detection in optical fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Signal Processing
    • Fiber Optic Sensing

    Background:

    • Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) systems are susceptible to interference fading.
    • Fading, caused by phase randomness and environmental factors, degrades measurement accuracy.
    • Existing methods struggle to address both noise- and vibration-induced fading simultaneously.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel time-distance dual-domain phase differential (TDPD) method.
    • To reconstruct constructive interference conditions in fading regions of φ-OTDR.
    • To enhance the robustness and accuracy of phase demodulation in φ-OTDR systems.

    Main Methods:

    • The time-distance dual-domain phase differential (TDPD) method utilizes distance-domain vector superposition to suppress noise-dominated fading.
    • Time-domain differential phase processing eliminates vibration-induced fading by reducing inter-wave phase differences.
    • Temporal-neighboring phase unwrapping and integration recover the original phase waveform.

    Main Results:

    • Experimental validation on a 10 km fiber demonstrated accurate phase measurements for various vibrations (10 Hz, chirp, 0.1 Hz).
    • The TDPD method achieved a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of over 40 dB in vibration regions compared to conventional techniques.
    • Simultaneous mitigation of both noise- and vibration-affected fading was successfully demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • The TDPD method provides a reliable solution for precise phase demodulation in φ-OTDR.
    • This cost-effective and computationally efficient framework significantly improves SNR and measurement accuracy.
    • TDPD addresses key limitations in current φ-OTDR systems, enabling more robust fiber optic sensing.